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          华为智能安防摄像机基础
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              <time title="创建于：2020-06-27 18:58:56 / 更新于：19:12:35" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2020-06-27T18:58:56+08:00">2020-06-27</time>
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        <p>华为SDC，软件定义摄像机，加载不同的算法，服务于多样的智能化需求</p>
<p>分为X（eXtra）、M（Magic）、C（Credible）三大系列</p>
<p>摄像机主要技术指标：</p>
<p>​    图像传感器尺寸：图像传感器能够将光线信号变为电荷信号并将电荷信号进行存储，图像传感器画面宽度和高度的比例通常为4：3。规格分为1/2英寸、1/3英寸、1/4英寸等，图像传感器的尺寸大小决定光线的敏感度，进而决定图像的质量</p>
<p>​    清晰度：摄像机的清晰度用线表示，分为水平线和垂直线。在实际应用中常以水平线作为清晰度的评估指标，线数越多，则清晰度越高。常用的黑白摄像机的清晰度一般为450-600，而彩色摄像机的清晰度一般为330-480，其数值越大成像越清晰。一般的监视场合，用450线左右的摄像机就可以满足要求，对于医疗、图像处理等特殊场合，用600线的摄像机能得到更清晰的图像</p>
<p>​    分辨率：图像分辨率简单说就是指屏幕水平方向和垂直方向所显示的点数，比如1280*520，其中“1280”表示屏幕上水平方向显示的点数，“720”表示垂直方向显示的点数。分辨率越高，图像就越清晰。</p>
<p>​    最低照度：照度是测量摄像机感光度的单位（Lux），是摄像机能在多暗的光照条件下拍摄到图像。勒克斯（Lux）的值越低，表明摄像机能在光照条件更低的情况下拍摄到清晰的图像，测试最低照度值必须注意镜头光圈大小，F值越小，官权越大，需要的照度越低。不同的光圈最低照度值是不同的。</p>
<p>​    信噪比：信号电压对于噪声电压的比值，噪声包括电源杂波、随机杂波、单凭杂波等。常常用于分贝（dB）表示。想你早比越高表明它产生的杂波越少，图像信号质量越高。CCD（电荷耦合器件图像传感器）摄像机通常范围在45~55dB。</p>
<p>摄像机常规功能指标</p>
<p>​    自动增益（AGC）：所有摄像机都有一个将来自CCD的信号放大到可以使用水准的视频放大器，其放大量即增益，等效于有较高的灵敏度，可使其在微光下灵敏，然而在亮光照的环境中放大器将过载，使视频信号畸变。为此，需利用摄像机的自动增益控制（AGC）电路去探测视频信号的电平，适时地开关ACG，从而使摄像机能够在较大地光照范围内工作，此即动态范围，即在低照度自动增加摄像机的灵敏度，从而提高图像信号的强度来获得清晰的图像，具有AGC功能的摄像机，在低照度时的灵敏度会有所提高，但此时的噪点也会比较明显。这是由于信号和噪声被同事放大的缘故</p>
<p>​    自动白平衡（AWB）：白平衡的基本概念是“不管在任何光源下，都能将白色物体还原为白色”，对于在特定光源下拍摄时出现的偏色现象，通过加强对于的不色来进行补偿</p>
<p>​    背光补偿控制（BLC）：背光补偿也称作逆光补偿或逆光补正，它可以有效补偿摄像机在逆光环境下拍摄时画面主题黑暗的缺陷</p>
<p>​    宽动态：应用于强逆光环境，与背光补偿类似，不过效果优于背光补偿，图像自然，不会出现图像过亮的情况</p>
<p>​    强光抑制（SLC）：强光抑制技术可以自动分辨强光点，并对强光点附近区域进行补偿以获得更清晰的图像。在夜间监控道路车辆并取车牌时，强光抑制非常有用</p>
<p>​    彩转黑：白天由于照度足够而采用彩色摄像模式，夜晚由于照度低需要提高灵敏度和成像质量而采用黑白摄像模式。日夜彩色黑白转化模式分两种，一种是普通电子式彩转黑，效果较差；一种是使用红外滤光片彩转黑模式，此模式可使灵敏度得到提高，此模式可使灵敏度得到提升、降低噪点，在低照度的情况下还可以清晰的识别物体</p>
<p>镜头的主要参数有：焦距、视场角、镜头接口、光圈</p>

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